Quantification of Wet Antenna Attenuation Due to Rainfall Intensity on Cellular Microwave Communication Links
Keywords:
Wet antenna attenuation, rainfall intensity, microwave link propagation, radome, path attenuation, cellular backhaul networksAbstract
The performance of terrestrial microwave communication links, which serve as critical components in backhaul networks for cellular systems, is significantly affected by hydrometeorological conditions, particularly rainfall. While rain-induced attenuation along the propagation path has been extensively studied, comparatively less attention has been given to wet antenna attenuation (WAA)— additional signal losses occurring at the antenna surface due to the accumulation of water films. This paper presents a detailed quantification of WAA as a function of rainfall intensity, link frequency, and antenna characteristics. Using theoretical analysis and empirical modeling based on ITU-R recommendations and field measurements, the study establishes relationships that can be used to improve link availability predictions and adaptive power control strategies in modern cellular networks.
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